Cataract surgery

What are cataracts?

Cataracts are when the lens of your eye, a small transparent disc, develops cloudy patches.

When we're young, our lenses are usually like clear glass, allowing us to see through them.

As we get older they start to become frosted, like bathroom glass, and begin to limit our vision.

Cataracts most commonly affect adults as a result of ageing. See age-related cataracts.

Do you need surgery?

If you have cataracts, it's your decision whether or not to go ahead with cataract surgery.

Cataracts usually get slowly worse over time. Surgery to replace the cloudy lens is the only way to improve your eyesight.

Surgery is usually offered on the NHS if your cataracts are affecting your eyesight and quality of life.

The decision to have surgery should not be based solely on your eye test (visual acuity) results.

You may have other personal reasons for deciding to have surgery, such as your daily activities, hobbies and interests.

You can choose to put off having surgery for a while and have regular check-ups to monitor the situation.

There are no medicines or eye drops that have been proven to improve cataracts or stop them getting worse.

Before the operation

Before surgery, you'll be referred to a specialist eye doctor for an assessment.

During the assessment different measurements will be taken of your eyes and your eyesight.

The assessment is an opportunity to discuss anything to do with your operation, including:

• your lens preference, such as near sight or long sight
• the risks and benefits of surgery
• if you'll need glasses after surgery
• how long you'll take to fully recover

If you're used to using one eye for distance and one for reading, which is called monovision, you can ask to stay that way.

This usually means you'll get a near sight lens fitted in one eye and a long sighted lens fitted in the other eye.

The operation

Cataract surgery is a straightforward procedure that usually takes 30 to 45 minutes.

It's often carried out as day surgery under local anaesthetic and you should be able to go home on the same day.

During the operation, the surgeon will make a tiny cut in your eye to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with a clear plastic one.

With the NHS, you will usually be offered monofocal lenses, which have a single point of focus. This means the lens will be fixed for either near or distance vision, but not both.

If you go private, you may be able to choose either a multifocal or an accommodating lens, which allow the eye to focus on both near and distant objects.

Most people will need to wear glasses for some tasks, like reading, after surgery regardless of the type of lens they have fitted.

If you have cataracts in both eyes, you'll need two separate operations, usually carried out 6 to 12 weeks apart.

This will give the first eye to be treated time to heal and your vision time to return.

Find out more about recovering from cataract surgery.

Benefits of surgery

After cataract surgery you should be able to:

• see things in focus
• look into bright lights and not see as much glare
• tell the difference between colours

If you have another condition affecting your eyes, such as diabetes or glaucoma, you may still have limited vision, even after successful surgery.

Risks of surgery

The risk of serious complications developing as a result of cataract surgery is very low.

Most common complications can be treated with medicines or further surgery.

There is a very small risk – around 1 in 1,000 – of permanent sight loss in the treated eye as a direct result of the operation.